ISSN 1006-8775  CN 44-1409/P
Volume 29 Issue 2
Jun.  2023
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Abstract:
References

The Response of Anomalous Vertically Integrated Moisture Flux Patterns Related to Drought and Flood in Southern China to Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly

  • 1.

    Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438 China

  • 2.

    State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081 China

  • 3.

    Training Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081 China

  • 4.

    National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081 China

Funding: 

The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program 2019QZKK0105

the Science and Technology Development Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences 2022KJ022

Special Fund for the Basic Scientific Research Expenses of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences 2021Z013

the Science and Technology Development Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences 2022KJ021

Major Projects of the Natural Science Foundation of China 91337000


DOI: 10.46267/j.1006-8775.2023.014
  • Author Bio:

    DONG Na, M.S., primarily undertaking research on synoptic climatology

  • Corresponding author:

    XU Xiang-de, e-mail: xuxd@cma.gov.cn

  • Received Date: 05 November, 2022
  • Revised Date: 14 February, 2022
  • Accepted Date: 14 May, 2023
    Abstract
  • With the extreme drought (flood) event in southern China from July to August in 2022 (1999) as the research object, based on the comprehensive diagnosis and composite analysis on the anomalous drought and flood years from July to August in 1961-2022, it is found that there are significant differences in the characteristics of the vertically integrated moisture flux (VIMF) anomaly circulation pattern and the VIMF convergence (VIMFC) anomaly in southern China in drought and flood years, and the VIMFC, a physical quantity, can be regarded as an indicative physical factor for the "strong signal" of drought and flood in southern China. Specifically, in drought years, the VIMF anomaly in southern China is an anticyclonic circulation pattern and the divergence characteristics of the VIMFC are prominent, while those are opposite in flood years. Based on the SST anomaly in the typical draught year of 2022 in southern China and the SST deviation distribution characteristics of abnormal draught and flood years from 1961 to 2022, five SST high impact areas (i.e., the North Pacific Ocean, Northwest Pacific Ocean, Southwest Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and East Pacific Ocean) are selected via the correlation analysis of VIMFC and the global SST in the preceding months (May and June) and in the study period (July and August) in 1961-2022, and their contributions to drought and flood in southern China are quantified. Our study reveals not only the persistent anomalous variation of SST in the Pacific and the Indian Ocean but also its impact on the pattern of moisture transport. Furthermore, it can be discovered from the positive and negative phase fitting of SST that the SST composite flow field in high impact areas can exhibit two types of anomalous moisture transport structures that are opposite to each other, namely an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation pattern anomaly in southern China and the coastal areas of east China. These two types of opposite anomalous moisture transport structures can not only drive the formation of drought (flood) in southern China but also exert its influence on the persistent development of the extreme weather.
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  • Contribution by respective authors: DONG Na and XU Xiangde designed the study, performed the research and wrote the initial paper. DONG Na and CAI Wen-yue performed the statistical analyses. CAI Wen-yue, WANG Chun-zhu, ZHAO Run-ze, WEI Feng-ying, and SUN Chan contributed to subsequent revisions.

  • Fig  1.   (a) Distribution of precipitation anomaly percentages in China during July-August of 2022 (units: %); (b) distribution of precipitation anomaly percentages in China during July-August of 1999 (units: %); (c) VIMF anomaly (units: kg m-1 s-1) during JulyAugust of 2022; the shadow area represents the VIMFC anomaly field (units: 10-5 kg s-1 m-2); (d) VIMF anomaly (units: kg m-1 s-1) during July-August of 1999; the shadow area represents the VIMFC anomaly field (units: 10-5 kg s-1 m-2); (e) the interannual variation curves of the standardized VIMFC, VIMFV, VINMFB, and precipitation in Area A of the southern China from July to August in 1961-2022, where r1, r2, and r3 are the correlation coefficients of precipitation with VIMFC, VIMFV, VINMFB, respectively; and (f-h) the correlation distribution of VIMFC (f), VIMFV (g), VINMFB (h) in Area A and precipitation on the Chinese mainland during July-August of 1961-2022. (values over the 90% confidence level based on the student t-test are stippled).

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    Fig  2.   (a) Anomalies of flow fields at 850, 700, 500, and 300 hPa in the Asian monsoon region in July and August of 2022 (units: m s-1); (b) anomalies of flow fields at 850, 700, 500, and 300 hPa in the Asian monsoon region in July and August of 1999 (units: m s-1); (c) distribution of correlation between the VIMFC in Area A and the surface-300 hPa water vapor flux in July and August from 1961 to 2022; (d) the interannual variation curves of the standardized VIMFC and anomalous precipitation indexes in Area A in July and August from 1961 to 2022; (e)distribution of the composite VIMF anomaly flow field with the high (1971, 2003, 2011 and 2022) and low (f) (1994, 1997, 1999 and 2002) VIMFC values (units: kg m-1 s-1). The shadow area denotes the anomaly field of composite VIMFC.

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    Fig  3.   (a) The Global SST anomaly field in July and August of 2022 (units: ℃); (b) the correlation distribution of the VIMFC in Area A in July and August and the SST in the preceding months (May and June) from 1961 to 2022; (c) the correlation distribution of the VIMFC in Area A in July and August and the SST in the study period (July and August) from 1961 to 2022; (d) the correlation distribution of the VIMFC in Area A in July and August and the global sea-surface specific humidity in the study period (July and August) from 1961 to 2022, (values over the 90% confidence level based on the student t-test are stippled); (e) the composite deviation of SSTs in high (1971, 2003, 2011 and 2022) and low (1994, 1997, 1999 and 2002) years in Area A in July and August from 1961 to 2022; (f) correlation between the SST fitting results of high impact areas by Eq. (15) and the regional average VIMFC calculated by reanalysis data.

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    Fig  4.   The composite correlation flow field between the VIMF and the SST sequence of each high impact area (a) in the preceding months (May and June) and (b) in the study period (July and August) in 1961-2022; (c) the composite correlation flow field between the VIMF and the SST sequence of each high impact area during July-August in 1961-2022; and (d) the composite correlation flow field of the VIMF and the SST sequence of each high impact area multiplied by (-1) during July-August in 1961-2022.

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    Table  1   Anomalies of the VIMFC (units: 10-5 kg s-1 m-2), VIMFV (units: 10-5 kg s-1 m-2), VINMFB (units: 106 kg s-1) and precipitation (units: mm) in high (1971, 2003, 2011 and 2022) and low (1994, 1997, 1999 and 2002) years of VIMFC.

    Parameter (VIMFC) MIN (VIMFC) MAX
    YEAR 1994 1997 1999 2002 1971 2003 2011 2022
    VIMFC -2.9 -4.2 -3.1 -4.1 3.0 4.0 3.3 7.0
    VIMFV 31.1 19.8 19.3 20.8 -19.3 -29.8 -11.9 -38.4
    VINMFB 77.4 48.6 68.4 90.8 -31.6 -85.8 -34.7 -145.8
    PRE 90.2 108.5 113.1 90.6 -77.7 -130.9 -139 -165.8
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DONG Na, XU Xiang-de, CAI Wen-yue, et al. The Response of Anomalous Vertically Integrated Moisture Flux Patterns Related to Drought and Flood in Southern China to Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2023, 29(2): 179-190. DOI: 10.46267/j.1006-8775.2023.014
DONG Na, XU Xiang-de, CAI Wen-yue, et al. The Response of Anomalous Vertically Integrated Moisture Flux Patterns Related to Drought and Flood in Southern China to Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2023, 29(2): 179-190. DOI: 10.46267/j.1006-8775.2023.014
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Manuscript History

  • Manuscript received: 05 November, 2022
  • Manuscript revised: 14 February, 2022
  • Manuscript accepted: 14 May, 2023

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