ISSN 1006-8775  CN 44-1409/P

Volume 18 Issue 2

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Article >  Journal of Tropical Meteorology  > 2012 >  18(2): 263-274

SURFACE OBSERVATIONS IN THE TROPICAL CYCLONE ENVIRONMENT OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

  • Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, CMA, Guangzhou 510080 China

Funding:


doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2012.02.015

  • In this paper, the observational data from Marine and Meteorological Observation Platform (MMOP) at Bohe, Maoming and buoys located in Shanwei and Maoming are used to study the characteristics of air-sea temperature and specific humidity difference and the relationship between wind and wave with the tropical cyclones over the South China Sea (SCS). The heat and momentum fluxes from eddy covariance measurement (EC) are compared with these fluxes calculated by the COARE 3.0 algorithm for Typhoon Koppu. The results show that at the developing and weakening stages of Koppu, both these differences between the sea surface and the near-surface atmosphere from the MMOP are negative, and data from the buoys also indicate that the differences are negative between the sea surface and near-surface atmosphere on the right rear portion of tropical cyclones (TCs) Molave and Chanthu. However, the differences are positive on the left front portion of Molave and Chanthu. These positive differences suggest that the heat flux is transferred from the ocean to the atmosphere, thus intensifying and maintaining the two TCs. The negative differences indicate that the ocean removes heat fluxes from the atmosphere, thus weakening the TCs. The wind-wave curves of TCs Molave and Chanthu show that significant wave height increases linearly with 2-min wind speed at 10-m height when the wind speed is less than 25 m/s, but when the wind speed is greater than 25 m/s, the significant wave height increases slightly with the wind speed. By comparing the observed sensible heat, latent heat, and friction velocity from EC with these variables from COARE 3.0 algorithm, a great bias between the observed and calculated sensible heat and latent heat fluxes is revealed, and the observed friction velocity is found to be almost the same as the calculated friction velocity.
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    [2] BARNES G M, BOGNER P B. Comments on ‘‘surface observations in the hurricane environment'' [J]. Mon. Wea. Rev., 2001, 129(5): 1267-1269.
    [3] CIONE J J, UHLHORN E W. Sea Surface temperature variability in hurricanes: Implications with respect to intensity change [J]. Mon. Wea. Rev., 2003, 131(8): 1783-1796.
    [4] LIU Zeng-hong, XU Jian-ping, ZHU Bo-kang, et al. Upper ocean response to TCs in northwestern Pacific during 2001- 2004 by Argo data [J]. J. Trop. Ocenogr., 2006, 25(1): 1-8 (in Chinese).
    [5] WU Di-sheng, DENG Wen-zhen, ZHANG Jun-feng, et al. A research on air-sea interface heat exchange under the TC over the South China Sea [J]. Chin. J. Atmos. Sci., 2001, 25(3): 329-341(in Chinese).
    [6] WU Di-sheng, WEI Jian-su, LI Yun-fang, et al. A research on air-sea interface heat exchange under the tropical cyclone[J]. Sci. Meteor. Sinica, 2009, 29(6): 781-786 (in Chinese).
    [7] DONLON C J, MINNETT P J, GENTEMANN C, et al. Toward improved validation of satellite sea surface skin temperature measurements for climate research [J]. J. Climate, 2002, 15(2): 353-369.
    [8] KOROLEV V S, PETRICHENKO S A, PUDOV V D. Heat and moisture exchange between the ocean and atmosphere in Tropical Storms Tess and Skip [J]. Sov. Meteor. Hydrol., 1990, 22(3): 92-94 (English translation).
    [9] PUDOV V D. The ocean response to the cyclones influence and its possible role in their track formations [C]// ICSU/WMO International Symposium on Tropical Cyclone Disasters, Beijing, 1992: 367-376.
    [10] POWELL M D, VICKERY P J, REINHOLD T A. Reduced drag coefficient for high wind speeds in TCs [J]. Nature, 2003, 422(3): 279-283.
    [11] FAIRALL C W, BRADLEY E F, HARE J E, et al. Bulk parameterization of air�Csea fluxes: Updates and verification for the COARE algorithm [J]. J. Climate, 2003, 16(2): 571-591.
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LIU Chun-xia, WAN Qi-lin, LIAO Fei, et al. SURFACE OBSERVATIONS IN THE TROPICAL CYCLONE ENVIRONMENT OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA [J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2012, 18(2): 263-274, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2012.02.015
LIU Chun-xia, WAN Qi-lin, LIAO Fei, et al. SURFACE OBSERVATIONS IN THE TROPICAL CYCLONE ENVIRONMENT OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA [J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2012, 18(2): 263-274, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2012.02.015
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 30 September 2011
    Manuscript revised: 16 February 2012
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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    SURFACE OBSERVATIONS IN THE TROPICAL CYCLONE ENVIRONMENT OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

    doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2012.02.015
    • Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, CMA, Guangzhou 510080 China
    • Received Date: 2011-09-30
    • Rev Recd Date: 2012-02-16

    Abstract: In this paper, the observational data from Marine and Meteorological Observation Platform (MMOP) at Bohe, Maoming and buoys located in Shanwei and Maoming are used to study the characteristics of air-sea temperature and specific humidity difference and the relationship between wind and wave with the tropical cyclones over the South China Sea (SCS). The heat and momentum fluxes from eddy covariance measurement (EC) are compared with these fluxes calculated by the COARE 3.0 algorithm for Typhoon Koppu. The results show that at the developing and weakening stages of Koppu, both these differences between the sea surface and the near-surface atmosphere from the MMOP are negative, and data from the buoys also indicate that the differences are negative between the sea surface and near-surface atmosphere on the right rear portion of tropical cyclones (TCs) Molave and Chanthu. However, the differences are positive on the left front portion of Molave and Chanthu. These positive differences suggest that the heat flux is transferred from the ocean to the atmosphere, thus intensifying and maintaining the two TCs. The negative differences indicate that the ocean removes heat fluxes from the atmosphere, thus weakening the TCs. The wind-wave curves of TCs Molave and Chanthu show that significant wave height increases linearly with 2-min wind speed at 10-m height when the wind speed is less than 25 m/s, but when the wind speed is greater than 25 m/s, the significant wave height increases slightly with the wind speed. By comparing the observed sensible heat, latent heat, and friction velocity from EC with these variables from COARE 3.0 algorithm, a great bias between the observed and calculated sensible heat and latent heat fluxes is revealed, and the observed friction velocity is found to be almost the same as the calculated friction velocity.

    LIU Chun-xia, WAN Qi-lin, LIAO Fei, et al. SURFACE OBSERVATIONS IN THE TROPICAL CYCLONE ENVIRONMENT OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA [J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2012, 18(2): 263-274, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2012.02.015
    Citation: LIU Chun-xia, WAN Qi-lin, LIAO Fei, et al. SURFACE OBSERVATIONS IN THE TROPICAL CYCLONE ENVIRONMENT OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA [J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2012, 18(2): 263-274, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2012.02.015
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