Evolving Characteristics and Intensified Influences of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones in East China During 1965–2022

Landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) pose tremendous hazards to East Asian coastal areas, particularly in East China, a densely populated and economically vital center. This underscores the critical need for a more in-depth in-vestigation into the evolving characteristics and influences of these landfalling TCs. In this study, we explored changes in landfalling TC activity during 1965–2022 and estimated their influences in East China. Our findings demonstrate that the annual frequency of landfalling TCs has exhibited a slight increase since the mid-1990s, while their overall influences have significantly intensified. This intensification is closely associated with the prolonged duration of TCs over land after landfall. The results also reveal that longer overland sustainment is attributed to the descending vertical wind shear (VWS) and ascending low-layer moisture supply over the corresponding areas. In addition, the annual mean genesis location of these landfalling TCs has shown a significant westward migration, which may be advantageous to the increase in TC influences.