[1] AMBAUM M H P, HOSKINS B J, STEPHENSON D B.Arctic Oscillation or North Atlantic Oscillation? [J]. J. Climate,2001, 14: 3495-3507.
[2] DESER C. On the teleconnectivity of the ‘‘ArcticOscillation.’’ [J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2000, 27: 779-782.
[3] FRANZKE C, LEE S, FELDSTEIN S B. Is the NorthAtlantic Oscillation a Breaking Wave? [J]. J. Atmos. Sci., 2004,61: 145-160.
[4] BENEDICT J J, LEE S, FELDSTEIN S B. Synoptic Viewof the North Atlantic Oscillation [J]. J. Atmos. Sci., 2004, 61:121-144.
[5] RIVIERE G, ORLANSKI I. Characteristics of the AtlanticStorm-Track Eddy Activity and Its Relation with the NorthAtlantic Oscillation [J]. J. Atmos. Sci., 2007, 64: 241-266.
[6] THOMPSON D W J, WALLACE J M. The ArcticOscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential height andtemperature fields [J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 1998, 25:1297-1300.
[7] THOMPSON D W J, WALLACE J M, Annular modes inthe extratropical circulation. Part I: Month-to-month variability[J]. J. Climate, 2000, 13: 1000-1016.
[8] THOMPSON D W J, LEE S, BALDWIN M P.Atmospheric Processes Governing the Northern HemisphereAnnular Mode/North Atlantic Oscillation [M]. HURRELL J W,KUSHNIR Y, OTTERSEN G, et al.(Eds.) The North AtlanticOscillation: Climatic Significance and Environmental Impact,2002.
[9] WALKER G T, BLISS E W. World Weather V [J]. Mem.Roy. Meteor. Soc., 1932: 4: 53-83.
[10] WALLACE J M, GUTZLER S. Teleconnections in thegeopotential height field during the Northern Hemispherewinter [J]. Mon. Wea. Rev., 1981, 109: 784-812.
[11] WALLACE J M. North Atlantic oscillation/annular mode:Two paradigms―one phenomenon [J]. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor.Soc., 2000, 126: 791-805.
[12] WALLACE J M, THOMPSON D W J. The Pacific Centerof Action of the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode: Real orArtifact? [J]. J. Climate, 2002, 15: 1987-1991.